Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	22
Number of observations	5000
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	859.5 KiB
Average record size in memory	176.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	16
Categorical	6

Alerts

`number_vmail_messages` is highly correlated with `voice_mail_plan_no` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`total_day_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_day_charge`	High correlation
`total_day_charge` is highly correlated with `total_day_minutes`	High correlation
`total_eve_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_eve_charge`	High correlation
`total_eve_charge` is highly correlated with `total_eve_minutes`	High correlation
`total_night_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_night_charge`	High correlation
`total_night_charge` is highly correlated with `total_night_minutes`	High correlation
`total_intl_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_intl_charge`	High correlation
`total_intl_charge` is highly correlated with `total_intl_minutes`	High correlation
`international_plan_no` is highly correlated with `international_plan_yes`	High correlation
`international_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `international_plan_no`	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_no` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`number_vmail_messages` is highly correlated with `voice_mail_plan_no` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`total_day_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_day_charge`	High correlation
`total_day_charge` is highly correlated with `total_day_minutes`	High correlation
`total_eve_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_eve_charge`	High correlation
`total_eve_charge` is highly correlated with `total_eve_minutes`	High correlation
`total_night_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_night_charge`	High correlation
`total_night_charge` is highly correlated with `total_night_minutes`	High correlation
`total_intl_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_intl_charge`	High correlation
`total_intl_charge` is highly correlated with `total_intl_minutes`	High correlation
`international_plan_no` is highly correlated with `international_plan_yes`	High correlation
`international_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `international_plan_no`	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_no` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`number_vmail_messages` is highly correlated with `voice_mail_plan_no` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`total_day_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_day_charge`	High correlation
`total_day_charge` is highly correlated with `total_day_minutes`	High correlation
`total_eve_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_eve_charge`	High correlation
`total_eve_charge` is highly correlated with `total_eve_minutes`	High correlation
`total_night_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_night_charge`	High correlation
`total_night_charge` is highly correlated with `total_night_minutes`	High correlation
`total_intl_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_intl_charge`	High correlation
`total_intl_charge` is highly correlated with `total_intl_minutes`	High correlation
`international_plan_no` is highly correlated with `international_plan_yes`	High correlation
`international_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `international_plan_no`	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_no` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`international_plan_no` is highly correlated with `international_plan_yes`	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_no` is highly correlated with `voice_mail_plan_yes`	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `voice_mail_plan_no`	High correlation
`international_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `international_plan_no`	High correlation
`number_vmail_messages` is highly correlated with `voice_mail_plan_no` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`total_day_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_day_charge`	High correlation
`total_day_charge` is highly correlated with `total_day_minutes`	High correlation
`total_eve_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_eve_charge`	High correlation
`total_eve_charge` is highly correlated with `total_eve_minutes`	High correlation
`total_night_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_night_charge`	High correlation
`total_night_charge` is highly correlated with `total_night_minutes`	High correlation
`total_intl_minutes` is highly correlated with `total_intl_charge`	High correlation
`total_intl_charge` is highly correlated with `total_intl_minutes`	High correlation
`international_plan_no` is highly correlated with `international_plan_yes`	High correlation
`international_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `international_plan_no`	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_no` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`voice_mail_plan_yes` is highly correlated with `number_vmail_messages` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`state` has 72 (1.4%) zeros	Zeros
`number_vmail_messages` has 3678 (73.6%) zeros	Zeros
`number_customer_service_calls` has 1023 (20.5%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-06-10 17:17:17.882613
Analysis finished	2022-06-10 17:17:48.635295
Duration	30.75 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

state
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	51
Distinct (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.519968

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	72
Zeros (%)	1.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.04
Q1	0.26
median	0.52
Q3	0.78
95-th percentile	0.98
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.52

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.296069604
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5693996631
Kurtosis	-1.185987798
Mean	0.519968
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.26
Skewness	-0.05797513823
Sum	2599.84
Variance	0.08765721042
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.98	158	3.2%
0.46	125	2.5%
0.02	124	2.5%
0.26	119	2.4%
0.9	118	2.4%
0.7	116	2.3%
0.86	116	2.3%
1	115	2.3%
0.68	114	2.3%
0.74	114	2.3%
Other values (41)	3781	75.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	72	1.4%
0.02	124	2.5%
0.04	92	1.8%
0.06	89	1.8%
0.08	52	1.0%
0.1	96	1.9%
0.12	99	2.0%
0.14	88	1.8%
0.16	94	1.9%
0.18	90	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	115	2.3%
0.98	158	3.2%
0.96	106	2.1%
0.94	98	2.0%
0.92	101	2.0%
0.9	118	2.4%
0.88	112	2.2%
0.86	116	2.3%
0.84	89	1.8%
0.82	85	1.7%

account_length
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	218
Distinct (%)	4.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4101595041

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	11
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.1404958678
Q1	0.2975206612
median	0.4090909091
Q3	0.520661157
95-th percentile	0.6859504132
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2231404959

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1640271056
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3999105322
Kurtosis	-0.1016210812
Mean	0.4101595041
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1115702479
Skewness	0.1092911238
Sum	2050.797521
Variance	0.02690489136
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.367768595	65	1.3%
0.3553719008	59	1.2%
0.4297520661	57	1.1%
0.3801652893	57	1.1%
0.458677686	56	1.1%
0.4132231405	55	1.1%
0.4090909091	55	1.1%
0.3512396694	55	1.1%
0.4752066116	54	1.1%
0.4214876033	54	1.1%
Other values (208)	4433	88.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11	0.2%
0.004132231405	2	< 0.1%
0.00826446281	8	0.2%
0.01239669421	3	0.1%
0.01652892562	2	< 0.1%
0.02066115702	2	< 0.1%
0.02479338843	5	0.1%
0.02892561983	2	< 0.1%
0.03305785124	3	0.1%
0.03719008264	3	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.979338843	1	< 0.1%
0.958677686	1	< 0.1%
0.9545454545	2	< 0.1%
0.9256198347	2	< 0.1%
0.9214876033	2	< 0.1%
0.9132231405	2	< 0.1%
0.9090909091	1	< 0.1%
0.8925619835	3	0.1%
0.8884297521	1	< 0.1%

area_code
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

0.06862745098039191	2495
0.0	1259
1.0	1246

Length

Max length	19
Median length	3
Mean length	10.984
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.06862745098039191
2nd row	0.06862745098039191
3rd row	0.06862745098039191
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.06862745098039191

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.06862745098039191	2495	49.9%
0.0	1259	25.2%
1.0	1246	24.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.06862745098039191	2495	49.9%
0.0	1259	25.2%
1.0	1246	24.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

number_vmail_messages
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	48
Distinct (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1491384615

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	3678
Zeros (%)	73.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0.3269230769
95-th percentile	0.7115384615
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.3269230769

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2605075652
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.746749715
Kurtosis	0.1991271752
Mean	0.1491384615
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.350493197
Sum	745.6923077
Variance	0.06786419154
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=48)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3678	73.6%
0.5961538462	83	1.7%
0.5384615385	67	1.3%
0.5576923077	67	1.3%
0.6346153846	66	1.3%
0.4615384615	64	1.3%
0.5192307692	64	1.3%
0.5769230769	58	1.2%
0.5	58	1.2%
0.6153846154	57	1.1%
Other values (38)	738	14.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3678	73.6%
0.07692307692	1	< 0.1%
0.1153846154	2	< 0.1%
0.1538461538	2	< 0.1%
0.1730769231	2	< 0.1%
0.1923076923	4	0.1%
0.2115384615	2	< 0.1%
0.2307692308	11	0.2%
0.25	4	0.1%
0.2692307692	9	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9807692308	1	< 0.1%
0.9615384615	2	< 0.1%
0.9423076923	3	0.1%
0.9230769231	5	0.1%
0.9038461538	4	0.1%
0.8846153846	8	0.2%
0.8653846154	11	0.2%
0.8461538462	9	0.2%
0.8269230769	16	0.3%

total_day_minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1961
Distinct (%)	39.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5129129445

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2608819346
Q1	0.4088193457
median	0.5123755334
Q3	0.6150782361
95-th percentile	0.7712802276
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2062588905

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1533277359
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2989352044
Kurtosis	-0.02129447073
Mean	0.5129129445
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1032716927
Skewness	-0.01173082717
Sum	2564.564723
Variance	0.0235093946
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5385490754	10	0.2%
0.4381223329	10	0.2%
0.453769559	9	0.2%
0.5120910384	9	0.2%
0.5248933144	9	0.2%
0.4964438122	9	0.2%
0.5038406828	9	0.2%
0.5217638691	8	0.2%
0.5399715505	8	0.2%
0.613371266	8	0.2%
Other values (1951)	4911	98.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	< 0.1%
0.007396870555	1	< 0.1%
0.01877667141	1	< 0.1%
0.02048364154	1	< 0.1%
0.02219061166	1	< 0.1%
0.02247510669	1	< 0.1%
0.03556187767	1	< 0.1%
0.05007112376	1	< 0.1%
0.05376955903	1	< 0.1%
0.05547652916	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9980085349	1	< 0.1%
0.986628734	1	< 0.1%
0.9823613087	1	< 0.1%
0.9627311522	1	< 0.1%
0.959886202	1	< 0.1%
0.9544807966	1	< 0.1%
0.9510668563	1	< 0.1%
0.947083926	1	< 0.1%
0.9448079659	1	< 0.1%

total_day_calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	123
Distinct (%)	2.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.6062387879

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.4060606061
Q1	0.5272727273
median	0.6060606061
Q3	0.6848484848
95-th percentile	0.8060606061
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1575757576

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1201890752
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1982536876
Kurtosis	0.1785677943
Mean	0.6062387879
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07878787879
Skewness	-0.08489096367
Sum	3031.193939
Variance	0.01444541381
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6363636364	117	2.3%
0.6181818182	113	2.3%
0.5757575758	108	2.2%
0.5696969697	104	2.1%
0.5878787879	104	2.1%
0.6060606061	102	2.0%
0.6666666667	101	2.0%
0.6787878788	101	2.0%
0.5575757576	100	2.0%
0.6545454545	100	2.0%
Other values (113)	3950	79.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	< 0.1%
0.1818181818	1	< 0.1%
0.2060606061	1	< 0.1%
0.2121212121	1	< 0.1%
0.2181818182	1	< 0.1%
0.2363636364	2	< 0.1%
0.2424242424	2	< 0.1%
0.2545454545	2	< 0.1%
0.2666666667	4	0.1%
0.2727272727	3	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9878787879	1	< 0.1%
0.9696969697	2	< 0.1%
0.9575757576	3	0.1%
0.9515151515	2	< 0.1%
0.9454545455	3	0.1%
0.9212121212	2	< 0.1%
0.9151515152	7	0.1%
0.9090909091	6	0.1%
0.903030303	2	< 0.1%

total_day_charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1961
Distinct (%)	39.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5128793173

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2608768407
Q1	0.4088018742
median	0.5123828648
Q3	0.6149598394
95-th percentile	0.7712600402
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2061579652

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1533144025
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.298928807
Kurtosis	-0.02116592527
Mean	0.5128793173
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1032463186
Skewness	-0.01172900707
Sum	2564.396586
Variance	0.023505306
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5384872825	10	0.2%
0.438085676	10	0.2%
0.453815261	9	0.2%
0.5120481928	9	0.2%
0.5249330656	9	0.2%
0.4964859438	9	0.2%
0.5038487282	9	0.2%
0.5217536814	8	0.2%
0.5399933066	8	0.2%
0.6132864793	8	0.2%
Other values (1951)	4911	98.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	< 0.1%
0.007362784471	1	< 0.1%
0.0187416332	1	< 0.1%
0.02041499331	1	< 0.1%
0.02225568942	1	< 0.1%
0.02242302544	1	< 0.1%
0.03564257028	1	< 0.1%
0.0500334672	1	< 0.1%
0.05371485944	1	< 0.1%
0.05555555556	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9979919679	1	< 0.1%
0.9866131191	1	< 0.1%
0.9822623829	1	< 0.1%
0.9626840696	1	< 0.1%
0.9598393574	1	< 0.1%
0.9544846051	1	< 0.1%
0.9509705489	1	< 0.1%
0.9469544846	1	< 0.1%
0.9447791165	1	< 0.1%

total_eve_minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1879
Distinct (%)	37.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5516540005

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.3258042343
Q1	0.457451196
median	0.5526532857
Q3	0.6436623591
95-th percentile	0.7800934836
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.186211163

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1389917761
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2519546237
Kurtosis	0.05137513056
Mean	0.5516540005
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.09348364036
Skewness	-0.01101769459
Sum	2758.270003
Variance	0.01931871382
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4671432499	10	0.2%
0.5490789112	10	0.2%
0.6348638988	10	0.2%
0.4608193566	9	0.2%
0.5790486665	9	0.2%
0.5952708276	9	0.2%
0.5191091559	9	0.2%
0.5155347814	9	0.2%
0.6145174594	9	0.2%
0.5334066538	9	0.2%
Other values (1869)	4907	98.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.06131427	1	< 0.1%
0.08578498763	1	< 0.1%
0.1039318119	1	< 0.1%
0.1146549354	1	< 0.1%
0.1160296948	1	< 0.1%
0.1168545505	1	< 0.1%
0.1207038768	1	< 0.1%
0.1300522409	2	< 0.1%
0.1322518559	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9947759142	1	< 0.1%
0.9879021171	1	< 0.1%
0.9738795711	1	< 0.1%
0.9681055815	1	< 0.1%
0.9667308221	1	< 0.1%
0.9648061589	1	< 0.1%
0.9637063514	1	< 0.1%
0.9606818807	1	< 0.1%
0.9593071213	1	< 0.1%

total_eve_calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	126
Distinct (%)	2.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5893588235

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.3941176471
Q1	0.5117647059
median	0.5882352941
Q3	0.6705882353
95-th percentile	0.7823529412
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1588235294

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1166264461
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1978869942
Kurtosis	0.1173634027
Mean	0.5893588235
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07647058824
Skewness	-0.02017520328
Sum	2946.794118
Variance	0.01360172792
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6176470588	115	2.3%
0.5705882353	110	2.2%
0.5352941176	110	2.2%
0.5529411765	106	2.1%
0.6058823529	106	2.1%
0.5941176471	104	2.1%
0.5647058824	100	2.0%
0.6117647059	100	2.0%
0.6	99	2.0%
0.5764705882	99	2.0%
Other values (116)	3951	79.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.07058823529	1	< 0.1%
0.2117647059	1	< 0.1%
0.2176470588	1	< 0.1%
0.2235294118	1	< 0.1%
0.2470588235	1	< 0.1%
0.2529411765	1	< 0.1%
0.2588235294	2	< 0.1%
0.2647058824	1	< 0.1%
0.2705882353	5	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9941176471	1	< 0.1%
0.9882352941	1	< 0.1%
0.9647058824	1	< 0.1%
0.9352941176	1	< 0.1%
0.9235294118	1	< 0.1%
0.9176470588	1	< 0.1%
0.9117647059	5	0.1%
0.9058823529	4	0.1%
0.9	1	< 0.1%

total_eve_charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1659
Distinct (%)	33.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5517412488

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.3257683598
Q1	0.4574571336
median	0.5528955031
Q3	0.643804594
95-th percentile	0.7800711744
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1863474604

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.13901143
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.251950403
Kurtosis	0.0512887853
Mean	0.5517412488
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.09349725008
Skewness	-0.01099032836
Sum	2758.706244
Variance	0.01932417767
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5143966354	15	0.3%
0.4610158525	15	0.3%
0.5215140731	14	0.3%
0.6078938855	13	0.3%
0.5490132643	13	0.3%
0.6133937237	13	0.3%
0.6279521191	12	0.2%
0.5528955031	11	0.2%
0.5435134261	11	0.2%
0.6023940472	11	0.2%
Other values (1649)	4872	97.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.06146878033	1	< 0.1%
0.08573277257	1	< 0.1%
0.1038498868	1	< 0.1%
0.1145260434	1	< 0.1%
0.1161436428	1	< 0.1%
0.1167906826	1	< 0.1%
0.1206729214	1	< 0.1%
0.1300549984	2	< 0.1%
0.1323196377	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9948236817	1	< 0.1%
0.9880297638	1	< 0.1%
0.9741184083	1	< 0.1%
0.9682950501	1	< 0.1%
0.9670009706	1	< 0.1%
0.9650598512	1	< 0.1%
0.9637657716	1	< 0.1%
0.9608540925	1	< 0.1%
0.9595600129	1	< 0.1%

total_night_minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1853
Distinct (%)	37.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.507320557

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2972025316
Q1	0.4225316456
median	0.5073417722
Q3	0.5941772152
95-th percentile	0.7174810127
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1716455696

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1279184538
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2521452207
Kurtosis	0.08235919689
Mean	0.507320557
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.08556962025
Skewness	0.01932491656
Sum	2536.602785
Variance	0.01636313083
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4764556962	11	0.2%
0.4918987342	11	0.2%
0.4713924051	11	0.2%
0.5432911392	10	0.2%
0.5288607595	10	0.2%
0.5774683544	10	0.2%
0.5316455696	9	0.2%
0.4878481013	9	0.2%
0.4901265823	9	0.2%
0.5435443038	9	0.2%
Other values (1843)	4901	98.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.05873417722	1	< 0.1%
0.1106329114	1	< 0.1%
0.1139240506	1	< 0.1%
0.1182278481	1	< 0.1%
0.12	1	< 0.1%
0.126835443	2	< 0.1%
0.1288607595	1	< 0.1%
0.1349367089	1	< 0.1%
0.1367088608	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.966835443	1	< 0.1%
0.9660759494	1	< 0.1%
0.9556962025	1	< 0.1%
0.9308860759	1	< 0.1%
0.9237974684	1	< 0.1%
0.922278481	1	< 0.1%
0.9111392405	1	< 0.1%
0.8989873418	1	< 0.1%
0.8984810127	1	< 0.1%

total_night_calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	131
Distinct (%)	2.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5709668571

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.3828571429
Q1	0.4971428571
median	0.5714285714
Q3	0.6457142857
95-th percentile	0.7542857143
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1485714286

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1140496335
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1997482552
Kurtosis	0.1444380753
Mean	0.5709668571
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07428571429
Skewness	0.002132842744
Sum	2854.834286
Variance	0.0130073189
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6	121	2.4%
0.5828571429	109	2.2%
0.5714285714	108	2.2%
0.5942857143	106	2.1%
0.5657142857	105	2.1%
0.5885714286	104	2.1%
0.52	103	2.1%
0.5371428571	103	2.1%
0.5428571429	102	2.0%
0.56	102	2.0%
Other values (121)	3937	78.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.06857142857	1	< 0.1%
0.1885714286	1	< 0.1%
0.2057142857	1	< 0.1%
0.2171428571	2	< 0.1%
0.2285714286	1	< 0.1%
0.2342857143	1	< 0.1%
0.24	4	0.1%
0.2457142857	1	< 0.1%
0.2514285714	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9714285714	1	< 0.1%
0.96	1	< 0.1%
0.9485714286	1	< 0.1%
0.9428571429	1	< 0.1%
0.9371428571	1	< 0.1%
0.92	1	< 0.1%
0.9142857143	1	< 0.1%
0.9085714286	2	< 0.1%
0.9028571429	2	< 0.1%

total_night_charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1028
Distinct (%)	20.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5074694429

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2971299944
Q1	0.4226223973
median	0.5075970737
Q3	0.5942599887
95-th percentile	0.7175295442
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1716375914

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1279551298
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2521435163
Kurtosis	0.08237761539
Mean	0.5074694429
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.08553742262
Skewness	0.01928674434
Sum	2537.347214
Variance	0.01637251523
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5436128306	19	0.4%
0.4766460326	19	0.4%
0.6077658976	18	0.4%
0.541924592	18	0.4%
0.4586381542	18	0.4%
0.5289814294	18	0.4%
0.5773776027	18	0.4%
0.5317951604	17	0.3%
0.5903207653	17	0.3%
0.5824423185	16	0.3%
Other values (1018)	4822	96.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.05852560495	1	< 0.1%
0.1108610017	1	< 0.1%
0.1142374789	1	< 0.1%
0.1181767023	1	< 0.1%
0.1198649409	1	< 0.1%
0.1266178953	2	< 0.1%
0.1288688801	1	< 0.1%
0.1350590884	1	< 0.1%
0.136747327	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9673607203	1	< 0.1%
0.9662352279	1	< 0.1%
0.9561057963	1	< 0.1%
0.9313449634	1	< 0.1%
0.9240292628	1	< 0.1%
0.9223410242	1	< 0.1%
0.9116488464	1	< 0.1%
0.8992684299	1	< 0.1%
0.8987056837	1	< 0.1%

total_intl_minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	170
Distinct (%)	3.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.513089

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	24
Zeros (%)	0.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.285
Q1	0.425
median	0.515
Q3	0.6
95-th percentile	0.735
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.175

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1380697857
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2690951974
Kurtosis	0.6553166102
Mean	0.513089
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.09
Skewness	-0.2099662929
Sum	2565.445
Variance	0.01906326573
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.555	90	1.8%
0.49	88	1.8%
0.565	83	1.7%
0.57	81	1.6%
0.505	81	1.6%
0.545	80	1.6%
0.485	79	1.6%
0.53	78	1.6%
0.55	78	1.6%
0.525	78	1.6%
Other values (160)	4184	83.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	24	0.5%
0.02	1	< 0.1%
0.055	2	< 0.1%
0.065	1	< 0.1%
0.1	3	0.1%
0.105	2	< 0.1%
0.11	2	< 0.1%
0.12	1	< 0.1%
0.125	1	< 0.1%
0.13	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.985	2	< 0.1%
0.965	1	< 0.1%
0.96	1	< 0.1%
0.945	2	< 0.1%
0.935	1	< 0.1%
0.925	1	< 0.1%
0.92	1	< 0.1%
0.915	1	< 0.1%
0.91	2	< 0.1%

total_intl_calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	21
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.22176

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	24
Zeros (%)	0.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.05
Q1	0.15
median	0.2
Q3	0.3
95-th percentile	0.45
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1228394086
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5539295121
Kurtosis	3.268183647
Mean	0.22176
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.05
Skewness	1.360692479
Sum	1108.8
Variance	0.0150895203
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=21)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.15	992	19.8%
0.2	953	19.1%
0.1	743	14.9%
0.25	706	14.1%
0.3	495	9.9%
0.35	308	6.2%
0.05	265	5.3%
0.4	172	3.4%
0.45	148	3.0%
0.5	76	1.5%
Other values (11)	142	2.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	24	0.5%
0.05	265	5.3%
0.1	743	14.9%
0.15	992	19.8%
0.2	953	19.1%
0.25	706	14.1%
0.3	495	9.9%
0.35	308	6.2%
0.4	172	3.4%
0.45	148	3.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.95	2	< 0.1%
0.9	4	0.1%
0.85	2	< 0.1%
0.8	7	0.1%
0.75	9	0.2%
0.7	6	0.1%
0.65	19	0.4%
0.6	23	0.5%
0.55	45	0.9%

total_intl_charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	170
Distinct (%)	3.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5131844444

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	24
Zeros (%)	0.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2851851852
Q1	0.4259259259
median	0.5148148148
Q3	0.6
95-th percentile	0.7351851852
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1740740741

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1380580939
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.269022367
Kurtosis	0.6559885458
Mean	0.5131844444
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.08888888889
Skewness	-0.2102861147
Sum	2565.922222
Variance	0.0190600373
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5555555556	90	1.8%
0.4907407407	88	1.8%
0.5648148148	83	1.7%
0.5703703704	81	1.6%
0.5055555556	81	1.6%
0.5444444444	80	1.6%
0.4851851852	79	1.6%
0.5296296296	78	1.6%
0.55	78	1.6%
0.5259259259	78	1.6%
Other values (160)	4184	83.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	24	0.5%
0.02037037037	1	< 0.1%
0.05555555556	2	< 0.1%
0.06481481481	1	< 0.1%
0.1	3	0.1%
0.1055555556	2	< 0.1%
0.1092592593	2	< 0.1%
0.1203703704	1	< 0.1%
0.1259259259	1	< 0.1%
0.1296296296	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.9851851852	2	< 0.1%
0.9648148148	1	< 0.1%
0.9592592593	1	< 0.1%
0.9444444444	2	< 0.1%
0.9351851852	1	< 0.1%
0.9259259259	1	< 0.1%
0.9203703704	1	< 0.1%
0.9148148148	1	< 0.1%
0.9092592593	2	< 0.1%

number_customer_service_calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1744888889

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	1023
Zeros (%)	20.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0.1111111111
median	0.1111111111
Q3	0.2222222222
95-th percentile	0.4444444444
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1111111111

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1451514814
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8318666153
Kurtosis	1.48109554
Mean	0.1744888889
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1111111111
Skewness	1.04246233
Sum	872.4444444
Variance	0.02106895256
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1111111111	1786	35.7%
0.2222222222	1127	22.5%
0	1023	20.5%
0.3333333333	665	13.3%
0.4444444444	252	5.0%
0.5555555556	96	1.9%
0.6666666667	34	0.7%
0.7777777778	13	0.3%
1	2	< 0.1%
0.8888888889	2	< 0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1023	20.5%
0.1111111111	1786	35.7%
0.2222222222	1127	22.5%
0.3333333333	665	13.3%
0.4444444444	252	5.0%
0.5555555556	96	1.9%
0.6666666667	34	0.7%
0.7777777778	13	0.3%
0.8888888889	2	< 0.1%
1	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2	< 0.1%
0.8888888889	2	< 0.1%
0.7777777778	13	0.3%
0.6666666667	34	0.7%
0.5555555556	96	1.9%
0.4444444444	252	5.0%
0.3333333333	665	13.3%
0.2222222222	1127	22.5%
0.1111111111	1786	35.7%
0	1023	20.5%

churn
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

0.0	4293
1.0	707

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.0
2nd row	0.0
3rd row	0.0
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	4293	85.9%
1.0	707	14.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	4293	85.9%
1.0	707	14.1%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

international_plan_no
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

1.0	4527
0.0	473

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	1.0
2nd row	1.0
3rd row	1.0
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0	4527	90.5%
0.0	473	9.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0	4527	90.5%
0.0	473	9.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

international_plan_yes
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

0.0	4527
1.0	473

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.0
2nd row	0.0
3rd row	0.0
4th row	1.0
5th row	1.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	4527	90.5%
1.0	473	9.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	4527	90.5%
1.0	473	9.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

voice_mail_plan_no
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

1.0	3677
0.0	1323

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.0
2nd row	0.0
3rd row	1.0
4th row	1.0
5th row	1.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0	3677	73.5%
0.0	1323	26.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0	3677	73.5%
0.0	1323	26.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

voice_mail_plan_yes
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.2 KiB

0.0	3677
1.0	1323

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	1.0
2nd row	1.0
3rd row	0.0
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	3677	73.5%
1.0	1323	26.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	3677	73.5%
1.0	1323	26.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	state	account_length	area_code	number_vmail_messages	total_day_minutes	total_day_calls	total_day_charge	total_eve_minutes	total_eve_calls	total_eve_charge	total_night_minutes	total_night_calls	total_night_charge	total_intl_minutes	total_intl_calls	total_intl_charge	number_customer_service_calls	international_plan_no	international_plan_yes	voice_mail_plan_no	voice_mail_plan_yes
0	0.32	0.524793	0.068627	0.480769	0.754196	0.666667	0.754183	0.542755	0.582353	0.542866	0.619494	0.520000	0.619584	0.500	0.15	0.500000	0.111111	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
1	0.70	0.438017	0.068627	0.500000	0.459744	0.745455	0.459672	0.537531	0.605882	0.537690	0.644051	0.588571	0.644344	0.685	0.15	0.685185	0.111111	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
2	0.62	0.561983	0.068627	0.000000	0.692461	0.690909	0.692436	0.333242	0.647059	0.333225	0.411646	0.594286	0.411930	0.610	0.25	0.609259	0.000000	1.0	0.0	1.0	0.0
3	0.70	0.342975	0.000000	0.000000	0.851778	0.430303	0.851740	0.170195	0.517647	0.170171	0.498481	0.508571	0.498593	0.330	0.35	0.329630	0.222222	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4	0.72	0.305785	0.068627	0.000000	0.474253	0.684848	0.474230	0.407754	0.717647	0.407959	0.473165	0.691429	0.473270	0.505	0.15	0.505556	0.333333	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
5	0.02	0.483471	1.000000	0.000000	0.635562	0.593939	0.635542	0.606544	0.594118	0.606600	0.516203	0.674286	0.516601	0.315	0.30	0.314815	0.000000	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
6	0.38	0.495868	1.000000	0.461538	0.620768	0.533333	0.620649	0.958207	0.635294	0.958266	0.538228	0.674286	0.538548	0.375	0.35	0.375926	0.333333	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
7	0.48	0.603306	0.068627	0.000000	0.446657	0.478788	0.446620	0.283475	0.552941	0.283403	0.536203	0.548571	0.536297	0.355	0.30	0.355556	0.000000	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
8	0.36	0.479339	0.000000	0.000000	0.524893	0.587879	0.524933	0.966731	0.470588	0.967001	0.546329	0.514286	0.546427	0.435	0.20	0.435185	0.111111	1.0	0.0	1.0	0.0
9	0.98	0.578512	0.068627	0.711538	0.735704	0.509091	0.735609	0.610393	0.652941	0.610482	0.826329	0.554286	0.826674	0.560	0.25	0.559259	0.000000	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.0

Last rows

	state	account_length	area_code	number_vmail_messages	total_day_minutes	total_day_calls	total_day_charge	total_eve_minutes	total_eve_calls	total_eve_charge	total_night_minutes	total_night_calls	total_night_charge	total_intl_minutes	total_intl_calls	total_intl_charge	number_customer_service_calls	churn	international_plan_no	voice_mail_plan_no	voice_mail_plan_yes
4990	0.56	0.574380	1.000000	0.000000	0.696159	0.696970	0.696118	0.711026	0.594118	0.711097	0.585570	0.640000	0.585819	0.375	0.30	0.375926	0.111111	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4991	0.06	0.396694	1.000000	0.000000	0.718634	0.539394	0.718541	0.935661	0.535294	0.935943	0.649367	0.382857	0.649409	0.440	0.25	0.440741	0.111111	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4992	0.52	0.338843	0.068627	0.000000	0.535704	0.424242	0.535643	0.670333	0.517647	0.670333	0.541013	0.451429	0.541362	0.515	0.30	0.514815	0.000000	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4993	0.98	0.297521	0.000000	0.000000	0.506117	0.539394	0.506024	0.360737	0.482353	0.360725	0.471392	0.508571	0.471581	0.575	0.30	0.575926	0.333333	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4994	0.54	0.305785	0.000000	0.000000	0.485633	0.612121	0.485609	0.530932	0.741176	0.530896	0.326835	0.594286	0.326956	0.345	0.35	0.344444	0.111111	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4995	0.22	0.202479	0.000000	0.769231	0.670555	0.769697	0.670515	0.613143	0.741176	0.613394	0.753165	0.662857	0.753517	0.495	0.25	0.494444	0.222222	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.0
4996	0.98	0.623967	0.068627	0.000000	0.524040	0.545455	0.523929	0.706076	0.429412	0.706244	0.540759	0.645714	0.540799	0.735	0.10	0.735185	0.333333	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4997	0.14	0.247934	0.068627	0.000000	0.400000	0.539394	0.399933	0.475117	0.752941	0.475251	0.537722	0.554286	0.537985	0.680	0.20	0.679630	0.111111	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4998	0.14	0.446281	1.000000	0.000000	0.537127	0.406061	0.537149	0.472092	0.541176	0.472016	0.568101	0.508571	0.568374	0.425	0.30	0.425926	0.000000	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
4999	0.92	0.351240	0.068627	0.653846	0.368137	0.618182	0.368139	0.734396	0.611765	0.734390	0.391899	0.571429	0.392234	0.465	0.80	0.464815	0.000000	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.0

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Cramér's V (φc)

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows